Early modern english - Shakespeare

Dieses Thema im Forum "Schule, Studium, Ausbildung" wurde erstellt von Swoos, 19. Januar 2010 .

  1. 19. Januar 2010
    Hi zusammen...

    wenn ihr ein paar tipps für mich habt wie man eine Arbeit von ca.4 Seiten über "Early modern english - Shakespears language" bestückt, dann sagt sie mir hier bitte.
    Der Text muss auf English sein ... vieleicht fällt euch irgendwas zu dem thema ein ...

    Bin für jede Hilfe sehr DANKBAR

    MFG.: Swoos
     
  2. 20. Januar 2010
    Zuletzt von einem Moderator bearbeitet: 13. April 2017
    AW: Early modern english - Shakespeare

    Ich pushe mal meinen Thread da in den letzten 24 h keine Antwort kam... (vgl. §4.2)
     
  3. 21. Januar 2010
    AW: Early modern english - Shakespeare

    mich würde mal interessieren für welche jahrgangsstufe das ist
     
  4. 21. Januar 2010
    AW: Early modern english - Shakespeare

    also Shakespeare language sollte doch Barock sein oder?
    Bei Romeo und Julia gab es fjeden Fall so einige Wörter und Sätze die anders sind als heute.
    Kann dir mal 'n paar Beispiele sagen falls dir das hilft.



    Shakespeare hat viel mit iambic pentameter gearbeitet. Kommt ungefähr einem 5-hebigen Jambus im Deutschen gleich. Das heißt die Betonung liegt auf jeder 2. Silbe.
    Das macht halt einen gewissen Lesefluss.

    Zusätzlich hat er noch in vielen Sonnets (bzw. allen sogar glaub' ich) das rhyme schema abab cdcd efef gg benutzt. Garnicht so leicht das beides unter einen Hut zu bringen. Schon alleine deswegen ist er ein genialer Schriftsteller gewesen.

    Dann wurde in Shakespeare's Zeiten noch das Hilfsverb "do" meistens weggelassen.
    Z.B. sagte man damals "you know not" anstatt von "you don't know"
    oder auch "why call you" anstatt von "why do you call"

    das alles gillt für negative Sätze (mit not).
    In positiven Sätzen hat man's dann doch benutzt.
    "I do love a woman" anstatt von "I love a woman"

    Außerdem gab es noch verschiedene Formen von "you":
    thou=du
    thee=dich
    thy=dein und "thine" wurde anstatt "thy" vor Vokalen benutzt

    Letztendlich kann ich dir noch sagen, dass das "s" bei der 3. Person Singular als "th" geschrieben wurde.
    "He heareth not, he stirreth not, he moveth not"

    gibt noch 'ne ganze Menge weiteres aber keine Lust jetzt alles zu schreiben.
    Hoffe konnte helfen
     
  5. 24. Januar 2010
    Zuletzt von einem Moderator bearbeitet: 15. April 2017
    AW: Early modern english - Shakespeare

    Danke ... ich hab es jetzt geschrieben ... Vieleicht lest ihr euch des mal durch und gebt mir Vebesserungsvorschläge:

    Spoiler
    Early Modern English


    “Our father, which art in heaven.
    Hallowed be thy name.
    Thy Kingdom come, Thy Will be done,
    in Earth, as it is in Heaven.
    Give us this day our daily bread,
    and forgive us our sins,
    as we forgive them that sin against us.
    And lead us not into temptation,
    but deliver us from evil.
    For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory,
    for ever and ever.
    Amen“

    The Lord's prayer is written in a kind of English that today nobody is speaking anymore. The reason why it is composed in this strange English is deeply rooted in the 15th century, as Martin Luther translated the bible into German so that later on it was translated into English, too (see King James bible). At that time they spoke the Early Modern English so that the translator obviously authored the Lord's Prayer in his mother tongue, which had been being the official British language until approximately 1650. This time the world's most famous English plays, like “Hamlet”, ”The Taming of the Shrew”, “Macbeth” and “Romeo and Juliet” were composed by William Shakespeare. Therefore all these acts are written in Early Modern English.
    The first question, which could be done here is the “why”. Why changed the English speech this ? A reason for this is, mentioned yet, the invention of printing, so there is an urgent inducement to create a consistent orthography and speech itself. Another reason for this wish to fix the English was the abolishment of French as official language.
    Special about this prehistoric Speech is the pronunciation of vocals and consonants. The development from Middle English to Early Modern English mainly formed the whole phonetics softer and higher. For example educed vocals like “|i:|” and “|u:|” to diphthongs such as “|ai:|” or “|au:|”. “|o|”,”|a|” and “|e|” became a much higher pronunciation so that “e” is spoken like “|i|” today. There's an affinity to the English of today. As well consonant clusters were reduced to single consonants. This way “|kn|” lost the “|k|” like in the word “knight”, which is spoken in Old (middle) English like “|knІçt|” and in the new (Early Modern) English “|nait|”. “|x|” lost his allophone “|ç|” too. Reasons for this development was the conscious assignment to the substratum.
    The biggest differences that had developed since then happened grammatically. The most eminent change was the adoption of “do” as an auxiliary verb, so that several do-constructions could be built. The simple past form of must (mote) disappeared. Another change was the Abolishment of the two article described noun. For instance “this my friend”, which has died out in favor of of-constructions , so that today they would say “this friend of mine”. Also double negation has become unusual. The general thesaurus of the people was very small. So they added many different words: Latin-accrued words , many neologisms were combination of two nouns. This phenomenon was strongly influenced by Shakespeare. The invention of new prefixes and suffixes like “un-” or “-ness”,”-er” expands the thesaurus enormously. More and more simple but comprehensible constructions were built. On the other hand there were some words dieing out. “thou” is the pronoun for the 2.person singular, which is totally replaced by the former only plural form “you”. The “who” had had another sense, you were able to use it in some cases as for persons as for things .Not only pronouns changed , like them their following verbs had to adapt as well. This causes the disappearing of the old verb ending “-est” (example: thou sayest). The Adjectives became very simplified. So that there is no adaption to the case. But there were more possibilities of creating the comparative form like “bigger”, “more big”, “more bigger” or the superlative form like “biggest”, “the most big”, “the most biggest”. There was also a semantic change, They can split this change into two parts: The generalizing and the specializing. So that the former “homour” described only Aristoteles' model of substance. So the other part, the specializing, lost some meanings for example for this they could take the word “meat” today everybody think of pork, beef or other kinds of flesh. But before the development to the early modern English everyone thought of bread, noodles or generally on the meaning of the today's “aliment”.
    But one of most important step to industrialized language was the conclusive unification of the whole Orthography, which was reached after this period of language history. So during the early modern age, the word “enough” had many Spellings: (ynough(e), enoff, yenough, eno', enouch, enufe,…). This time the general complain on this ununited orthography leaded to the this conclusion to reduce the possibilities of spelling.
    They may see there are many differences to today's English. But if you read through Shakespeare's plays, you will see there are often words use which are mentioned to be died out in early modern English. This is the result of the liveliness of languages, so that you can never appoint a definite Point where everything has change from one moment to the other. It is more a slow crossing of the old to the new, which can never be divided into exact steps.. So the evolution of Speech shows that the world is alive and every time waiting for changes of better said : it is every time changing

    MFG.: Swoos

    BTW.: 11.Klasse G8
     
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